-*-TAGS-*- -*-TEXT-*- This file is to help the novice edmacs user  File: Edmacs, Node: TOP, Up: (DIR)Editors Edmacs is a powerful editor that allows entry and modification of text such as program source. As a text entry program,, no knowledge of commands is needed, because all printing characters typed are inserted in place. Unlike so called "keypad editors", edmacs is not dependant upon any special keypad layout, and uses the same commands with a variety of terminals. * Menu: These are the available EDMACS topics * Edmacs Basics:: How to choose and save files * Minimum commands:: What you can get by on * Insertion:: * movement of cursor:: * Deletion of text:: * Moving Text Around:: * Case Conversion:: * Miscellaneous Commands:: Useful things like saving your file * Searching:: * Teco Mode:: * Help Screen:: * Reporting Edmacs Bugs:: * Tutorial: (Tutor.Txt) An interactive tutorial, specially written to be read (and edited by you) inside EDMACS It is not by any means complete.   File: Edmacs, Up: Top, Node: Edmacs Basics, Next: Minimum Commands * Menu: * Starting Edmacs:: * File Handling:: You need to read this. * Handling Large Files:: Usually for larger programs or Papers * Leaving Edmacs:: You need to read this too.  File: Edmacs, Node: Starting Edmacs, Up: Edmacs Basics, Next: File Handling One way to Run EDMACS is with the command: MU [44,12]EDMACS filespec where 'filespec' is the full name of the file you are going to edit. This will start up edmacs to edit that file. Another way is with the command: MU [44,12]EDMACS outfil=infil This will also start up EDMACS, but it will edit a copy of "infil" and produce a final copy of "infil" called "outfil".  File: Edmacs, Node: File Handling, Up: Edmacs Basics, Prev: Starting Edmacs, Next: Handling Large Files To change files, you use the command C-X, C-V (control-x followed by control-v). This will let you name another file to edit. But before EDMACS lets you name another file, it asks you whether or not you want to save the file you just edited. You can answer 'Y' or 'N' or control G, which cancels the command. If you answer YES, your current editing will be saved. If you don't want your changes saved though, answering NO will kill all changes made since you opened the file. * Note: The 'Y' or 'N' must be followed by a carriage return. After you save your file, for convenience, EDMACS will let you re-edit it by just typing a carriage return to the prompt for file name. Or you can specify a new filename. It is often convenient to visit one file, save some text out of it with the mark and wipe commands (see "Moving Text Around") and then restore that text in another file. You may also do an intermediate save with the command C-X C-W. This command inserts the TECO "/FIND" marker into the text at the current position, closes the file, reopens it, searches for the marker and deletes it. You should note that any time you save your file, the backup (.BAK) file is updated to reflect the contents of file as of the last save preceding the current one.   File: Edmacs, Node: Handling Large Files, Up: Edmacs Basics, Prev: File Handling, Next: Leaving Edmacs As in Teco, Large Files must be broken up into "pages". These are arbitrary in size, and you may choose them for convenience. If you are preparing a Paper, you may wish an EDMACS page to be the same size as one on your final paper. More commonly, people choose the size of their pages to include a full topic of one sort or another, and only when they are finished they will reduce the size of their pages for presentability. * A page of text is the largest amount of text you can edit at once. * Smaller files can be only one page even though they may print as several. * You may break up a page into two at any time by inserting a "Page Character" (henceforth called a FORMFEED (as well as C-L) because it makes most printers move to the next line. * To INSERT a FORMFEED in Edmacs, you use the command: Q Control L is another name for FORMFEED. You cannot type it directly into the screen because C-L is the EDMACS command to redraw the screen. Instead, You Quote it. (That is what the Q, the EDMACS quote command, is for) * After you save Your file, upon re-editing, you will notice that you can not access whatever parts of the file were after the C-L. They are still reachable, however. You must now "page" through your file like paging through a book. To Page, you use the command: C-X C-P * Once you have paged, you cannot access stuff on previous pages until you close the file, and reedit it. * If you have deleted all the text in the current page, you can eliminate it as a page with the command: C-X C-Y which "yanks" the next page in. This command will only work when the buffer is empty.   File: Edmacs, Node: Leaving Edmacs, Up: Edmacs Basics, Prev: Handling Large Files, Next: Minimum Commands To leave EDMACS, and save your file, type: C-X C-Z EDMACS will then ask you to confirm that you do want to leave and save your file. Type Y for yes, or N for No. This will save your file, and return you to READY. ------------------------------------------------------------ ** Aborting Edmacs ** If you want to abort your edit session you can type: ESC - C-X C-Z The "negative argument" tells the exit command to exit without writing out the buffer.   File: Edmacs, Up: Top, Node: Minimum Commands, Prev: edmacs basics, Next: Insertion All printing characters insert themselves. That is, If you can see something appear on the screen when you press a key, then you have inserted it. That makes all of the printing characters be the command "Insert Me". All of the rest of EDMACS's commands are OTHER keys. When someone makes a mistake, he can type the delete key to delete the last character typed. If he has just noticed a mistake he has made earlier, it is possible to "go back" and correct his mistake, and then continue where he is. Commands to move around are C-F (control forward),C-B (control backward) C-P (control previous), C-N (control next) These are the simplest commands, and you can do well if all you learn is these few. But there are more advanced commands. One of them is ESC-F. This is pronounced "ESCAPE-F", and means move Forward over a Word. The ESCAPE in the command name means you type the ESCAPE key as a prefix (also called ESCAPE-prefix) to the following letter. So to type ESCAPE-F, you would hit the escape key, and then the F key. This would move you over the following word. All ESCAPE commands are invoked by typing Escape, followed by the commands character. This is different from control commands where you type the character at the same time as you hold down the control key. You may have noticed the correspondence between C-F and ESC-F. Whereas the first moves Forwards by a CHARACTER, the second moves forward by a WORD. The same is true for C-B and ESC-B. The first moves Backwards by a CHARACTER, and the second moves Backward by a WORD. This is also true in almost the same way with the RUBOUT key (Which is a kind of control character) and with ESC-RUBOUT. Rubout kills the character just to the left of the cursor, while ESC-Rubout kills the WORD just to the right of the cursor. A couple more to play with are: ESC-U (forces uppercase) ESC-L (forces lowercase) ESC-C (see what this does!!) ESC-T ("transposes" words, just as C-T would transpose characters. ) Others to try are ESC-D and C-D. (like ESC-Rubout and C-rubout, but in the reverse direction) (the "D" is for delete).   File: Edmacs, Node: Insertion, Up: Top, Prev: Minimum Commands, Next: Movement of cursor There is no special "INSERTION" command mode! insertion of text is normally accompished by typing whatever you wish to insert without the need to enter any special "insert mode". You actually watch the characters you type insert themselves into your file as you type them. IMPORTANT information of USE: The commands LINE-FEED and CARRIAGE RETURN ARE SPECIAL as follows: * Carriage Return: 1) It can take a Repeat argument, and 2) if the cursor is at the end of the line, AND the next line is blank, then it will just move the cursor to the next line. This is very useful at slow speeds. * Line Feed: Pressing line feed is the same as pressing carriage return, and then typing enough tabs and blanks to match the indentation of the previous non empty line. * Quoting Inserted Characters: Since most control characters (and ESCAPE, which is also a control character) are commands, they cannot be inserted directly. Instead You must precede them with Q, to quote them. Three characters cannot be inserted at all this way, they are: C-S, C-Q, and C-O.   File: Edmacs, Node: movement of cursor, up: Top, Prev: Insertion, Next: deletion of text Below are the commands that move the cursor. If a command has a star (*) in front of its name, it may be preceded by to have it executed multiply. This can save you time. CHARACTER MOVES * C-B *Backward Character move * C-F *Forward character move WORD MOVES * F *Forward Word move * B *Back Word move LINE MOVES * C-P *Previous line * C-N *Next Line C-A Beginning of line. (This is one of the few non mnemonic ones.) C-E End of line SCREEN MOVES * C-V *View next screen * V *View Previous Screen < Beginning of page > End of page PUNCTUATION MOVES -These can all take numeric arguments Typing an ESCAPE followed by one of the following punctuation characters positions the cursor just past the punctuation character. * ; : , ( ) . Transpose MOVES - these are for correcting common errors C-T *transpose chars - Switches the two characters preceding the cursor. T transpose words - Switches words. C-T *transpose lines - Switches lines   File: Edmacs, Node: Deletion of text, up: Top, prev: movement of cursor, next: Moving Text Around * DEL *Delete previous char * C-D *Delete next char * DEL *Delete previous word * D *Delete Next Word * C-K *Kill line C-U Delete line. A relic left over from TECO   File: Edmacs, Node: Moving Text Around, Up: Top, Prev: deletion of text, Next: case conversion C-_ set mark - Places Invisible Mark at present cursor On telerays, use control-? (questionmark) W Save Region - "saves" a region of text between mark and cursor. C-W Wipe Region - like W, but removes text from buffer C-Y Yank Region - restore "saved" text at cursor position   File: Edmacs, Node: Case Conversion, Up: Top, Prev: Moving Text Around, Next: Miscellaneous Commands These three commands change the CASE of the words before or after the cursor. Use C at the beginning of sentences, or L if you've forgotten to release the CAPS lock before typing. * L: lowercase converts word(s) to lowercase * U: UPPERCASE converts word(s) to Uppercase * C: Force Capitalization forces word(s) to be lowercase, but with first letter capitalized.   File: Edmacs, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, up: Top, prev: case conversion, next: Searching C-L Retype Screen Useful after Screen has been garbaged by noise. S Center Line Centers the line within the CRT screen and moves to start of next line ? Help Screen Prints a screen of Help, and then pauses until you press a keyboard key.   File: Edmacs, Node: searching, Up: Top, Prev: Miscellaneous Commands, next: Teco mode To search for a given string in EDMACS, use the command: Control- Z Once you have typed control- Z, You will be prompted for more input when you see the word: 'Search:' in the upper left corner. you can now type in a string to search for, even including several lines worth. Start the search by typing Two ESCAPEs one after the other. To search again for the same thing, use the command: Z ( which remembers the last thing you searched for )  File: Edmacs, Node: Teco Mode, Up: Top, Prev: Searching, Next: Help Screen The advanced EDMACS user often desires to use commands from TECO in some way not provided in the form of EDMACS commands. To accomodate the use of TECO commands, a "TECO Minibuffer" is available, within which the user may prepare a sequence of TECO commands and have them executed. Prior to the first use of the TECO minibuffer, the user must "enable TECO commands" by issuing the command: C-X $ (that is: control X dollarsign). This is to prevent novice users from getting to the minibuffer bby accident. Enter and Execute TECO command. This command allows you to enter a sequence of TECO commands and edit them before executing them. Standard EDMACS commands are used to edit the TECO command string. They are: C-A, C-B, C-E, C-F, C-N, C-P, and Rubout To execute the command you must issue two escapes one immediately following the other. ESCAPEs that are not immediately followed by another ESCAPE will be entered into the command INSTEAD. If The Teco command String is illegal, Edmacs will deposit you in TECO. Typing MA will return you to EDMACS and the offending command will not be remembered. $ Execute last TECO cmd. This command is escape DOLLARSIGN (NOT ).   File: Edmacs, Node: Help Screen, Up: Top, Prev: Teco Mode Next: Reporting EDMACS Bugs The following is a reproduction of the EDMACS help screen, which may be viewed while in EDMACS by using the ? command. COMMANDS: | character | word |line |screen|to START|to END | |---------------|-----------|-----|------|--------|--------| * Move Forward | ^F | ESC F | ^N | ^V | -- | ESC > | * Move Back | ^B | ESC B | ^P | ESC v| ESC < | -- | * Delete back | Rubout | ESC rubout| | -- |=================| * Delete Forward| ^D | ESC D | ^K | -- |End of Line ^E | Transpose | ^T | ESC T |ESC^T| -- |Start of line ^A | ============================================================================ FILE COMMANDS: | SPECIAL COMMANDS: | Retype Screen Get/Save file ^X ^V | Execute Teco Command ESC ESC | Quote Next ESC Q * Page ^X ^P | ReExecute Teco Cmd ESC $ |=================== Yank ^X ^Y | Indent New Line Linefeed|Starred commands may ! SAVE and EXIT ^X ^Z | Set Key Binding ^X # |take an argument: Exit to TECO ^X Q | Query REPLACE ESC ^R | ! Placeholding save | ================================================== (leaves marker) | SEARCHES: | TEXT MOVEMENT: ^X ^W | Forward: ^Z | Set Mark for save or wipe ^? ========================| Repeat : ESC Z | ESC SPACE, or ESC M (^_ on VT52) CASE & CENTERING | Reverse: ^R | * Upper Case ESC U | Punctuation: | Save Text following mark ESC W * Lower Case ESC L | ESC followed by | Wipe Text " " ^W * Capitalize ESC C | any of: (:;,.) | Yank (wiped) Text ^Y ESC S center line |================================================  File: Edmacs, Node: Reporting EDMACS bugs, Up: Top, Prev: Help Screen If you have had any problems using EDMACS, there is a facility for reporting problems when they are still fresh in your mind. do: MU [44,12]BUG EDMACS After a few seconds,the screen will clear and a message header will be printed. At this point you may state your problem. There will always be a funny mark after the cursor. This can be ignored. A list of Bug Commands follows: Control C gives a list of BUG commands Rubout Kills last character typed. Control W Wipe out last word typed Control T Transpose last two characters Control G Aborts Bug report Control Z Sends Bug Report All BUG Reports will be read. Unfortunately, there is no means to reply.   TAGS: :SGAT TOP:73 Edmacs Basics:1046 Starting Edmacs:1320 File Handling:1793 Handling Large Files:3211 Leaving Edmacs:5023 Minimum Commands:5623 Insertion:7970 movement of cursor:9201 Deletion of text:10391 Moving Text Around:10715 Case Conversion:11149 Miscellaneous Commands:11684 searching:12072 Teco Mode:12637 Help Screen:14065 Reporting EDMACS bugs:16041